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??Pediatric mesenteric lymph node enlargement is one of the most common causes of pediatric abdominal pain. The diagnostic criteria for most current report is??the longitudinal diameter > 0.5 cm??vertical and horizontal diameter ratio ??L/T?? more than 2??more than two of lymph nodes changed diffusely and uniformly. Ultrasound can not only diagnose lymph node enlargement timely and accuratly but also evaluate the morphology and blood flow of lymph node??helping us to determine whether there’s a mesenteric lymph node enlargement pathologically and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.     

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??Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of critical values in NICU and help to make the proper diagnosis and treatment plans of NICU. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on all the critical values in NICU collected from July 1st??2012 to November 30th??2012 in Children′s Hosptial of Chongqing Medical University. The gestional ages and birth weights of these babies?? consitituent ratio of critical index?? distribution of report time and clinical response and the impact on treatment were analyzed. Results There were 212 newborns with 369 items of time critical values?? and the rate of positive impact on management was 65.04%. Imaging tests??81 cases??22.0%????blood glucose??79 cases??21.4%?? and routine coagulation tests??77 cases??20.9%??were the most common critical values. Sample quality was the common cause of false positive critical values. Conclusion Periodically analyzing and summarizing critical values data could help to make a more reasonable critical value system and improve clinical work efficiency and quality.     

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??Abstract?? Objective To discuss the changes of S100B protein and GFAP levels and its relationship with 1 min Apgar scoring in the serum of neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia of different degrees. Methods From Oct.2012 to Mar.2013 in Chilren’s hospital of Shanxi province ?? 40 cases of newborns born to mothers with preeclampsia were divided into two groups: mild preeclampsia group ??L group 20 cases????severe preeclampsia group ??H group 20 cases????a healthy control group was established ??N group 20 cases????newborns of three groups were taken specimen at the time of admission ?? dual- antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ??ELISA?? was used to detect the level of serum GFAP and S100B . In the first three days after admission cranial ultrasound was performed in each child. Results The difference among the L??H and N group was statistically significant ??P2=17.20??P??0.05??; S100B and GFAP levels in L and H group were positively correlated ??γ= 0.658?? P??0.05??; S100B?? GFAP levels in L and H group and neonatal 1min Apgar score were negatively correlated ??γ$subScript$S100B$/subScript$=-0.482??γ$subScript$GFAP$/subScript$=-0.534??P??0.01??. Conclusion The more serious eclampsia?? the greater the possibility of brain damage?? and the more serious the elevation of S100B and GFAP levels?? and was negatively correlated with 1 min Apgar score?? which indicates that the possibility of S100B protein and GFAP as a predictor of neonatal brain injury deserves further study.     

Stimulation by carrageenan of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity in dog gingival tissue

At 4 h after injection of carrageenan into the gingiva, the 12-lipoxygenase activity of the gingival homogenate was markedly increased. Activity in the cytosol and microsomal fractions was markedly increased when assessed as the specific activity based on nmol/min/mg of protein, and in the cytosol fraction as the percentage distribution of total activity. The 12-lipoxygenase activity in the homogenate from carrageenan-treated gingiva was not affected by either EDTA or calcium ion, or a combination of the two. 12-lipoxygenase activity in both carrageenan-treated and untreated gingiva was inhibited dose-dependently by AA861, a striking difference from its effect on platelet 12-lipoxygenase. There was a marked increase of 12-lipoxygenase activity in experimentally inflamed gingiva compared to the non-inflamed gingiva.     

In vivo and in vitro study of the effects of chlorpromazine on tooth mineralization in rats and mice

The effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on tooth mineralization were examined using incisor dentine in adult rats and cultured tooth germs of mandibular first molars dissected from mouse embryos. CPZ (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg, s.c.) substantially inhibited dentine mineralization as evaluated by contact microradiographs. Plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not decreased by CPZ (10 and 50 mg/kg). Physicochemical effects were not involved in the action of CPZ on the mineralization. In vitro experiments showed that CPZ (1 and 10 μM) inhibited mineralization and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the tooth germs. As CPZ has the properties of a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin antagonists W-7 and W-5 were also examined. Both inhibited mineralization and ALP activity in tooth germs; W-5 had less effect than W-7. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that CPZ inhibited cell-mediated mineralization in dentine without affecting the calciumdashregulating system and physicochemical mineral deposition. In addition, calmodulin could be involved in cell-mediated mineralization.     

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene and nicotine on prostaglandin synthesis in buccal pouch and submandibular glands of the Syrian hamster

Adult male Syrian hamsters were treated by swabbing the apex of the buccal pouch with corn oil (control, C), 1 mM benzo(a)pyrene (BP), nicotine (NC), or BP + NC in corn oil, twice daily, 5 days a week. After a 4-week treatment, the pouches and submandibular glands were dissected and used for the determination of endogenous prostaglandin (PG) production and studies on in vitro PG synthesis. Of the three PGs analysed (PGE₂, PGF₂ and 6-keto-PGF₁), PGE₂ was predominant in the pouch and the glands. BP or NC alone had only a weak effect on PG synthesis in both tissues. However, the combination of BP and NC had a synergistic effect, causing diminished PG synthesis in both tissues. In buccal pouch, BP + NC significantly decreased the concentrations of endogenous PGE₂ and PGF₂ (PGE₂: 0.669 + 0.254 versus 1.698 + 0.460, PGF₂: 0.273 ± 0.090 versus 0.625 ± 0.272 ng/g tissue; BP + NC versus C; mean ± SD, n = 5, p < 0.05). Similarly significant results were also found for in vitro PG synthesis (PGE₂: 0.541 ± 0.249 versus 1.399 ± 0.340, PGF₂: 1.045 ± 0.428 versus 2.133 ± 0.510 ng/g tissue; BP + NC versus C; mean ± SD, n = 5, p < 0.05). In submandibular glands, BP + NC significantly diminished the concentration of endogenous PGE₂ (1.183 ± 0.175 versus 2.379 ± 0.488 ng/g tissue; BP + NC versus C; mean ± SD, n = 5, p < 0.05). The synthesis of 6-keto-PGF₁ in both tissues, and the synthesis of PGF₂ in submandibular gland, were slightly decreased with all treatments.     

Mineralized nodule formation by cultures of human dental pulp-derived fibroblasts

Pulp fibroblasts were isolated from human deciduous and supernumerary teeth and cultured in vitro. With continued culture in normal tissue-culture medium, six pulp fibroblast strains formed cell nodules after 10–15 days. By electron microscopy the nodules had matrix vesicles, and needle-shaped crystals associated with a dense network of collagen fibrils. The crystalline material exhibited a pattern consistent with hydroxyapatite when nodules were examined by X-ray diffractometry. Furthermore, the cells showed high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, which could be increased more than seven-fold by the addition of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (5 × 10⁻⁹−5 × 10⁻⁸M). In addition to the production of type I collagen, these cells also synthesized fibronectin and osteonectin. The formation of mineralized tissue nodules by pulp cells in vitro provides a useful system for study of the pathological calcification of pulp tissues.     

In situ localization of tenascin mRNA in developing mouse teeth

Tenascin is a large extracellular-matrix glycoprotein found in developing connective tissue. A cDNA probe to mouse tenascin, mTN2, was used to determine the cellular origins of this molecule in the murine tooth germ by in situ hybridization. At embryonic day 19, a hybridization signal significantly greater than background was detected with mTN2 in the subodontoblastic layer of the dental mesenchyme and in the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. At postnatal day 1, a signal was detected over pre-odontoblasts and the strata intermedium and externum. No tenascin mRNA was detected in odontoblasts or the stellate reticulum at either age, and hybridization in ameloblasts was not significantly greater than background at postnatal day 1. Thus, much of the tenascin found throughout developing teeth appears to be synthesized by pre-odontoblasts and the inner enamel epithelium, the two populations of cells destined to generate mineralized matrix.     

Immunohistochemical localization of very late activation integrins in healthy and diseased human gingiva

The β1-integrins (VLA family) are cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) that play a major role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression pattern of CAM was studied in 5 clinically normal volunteers with healthy gingiva and in 18 patients with clinically different stages of periodontitis. In healthy human gingiva α2. α3 and α6 integrin chains were found in a characteristic distribution, showing a broad continuous expression on the junctional and sulcular epithelium sites. The expression of these integrins was demonstrated primarily on the basal cell layers and in some cells of the stratum spinosum. Inflammatory stages of periodontitis revealed further upregulation of α2, α3 and α6 integrins into the junctional and sulcular epithelial cells, which correlated with the stage of the periodontitis and the extent of the cellular infiltration. α4 and α6 were found to be the predominant β1 integrin chains on inflammatory cells. The amount of δ4 and ş6 positive infiltrative cells increased with the number of inflammatory cells. VCAM-1. the corresponding cell-cell ligand of VLA-4 (α4) was present on the majority of subepithelial vessels in all stages of gingivitis and periodontitis. The α5 subunit was expressed on both endothelium and gingival connective tissue cells. Samples from advanced periodontitis cases showed a higher number of a5 positive mononuclear cells. In comparison to normal epidermis, a human gingival epithelial cells express higher levels of integrins. This expression is further upregulated in advanced stages of periodontitis, indicating changes of the β1 integrin organization.